terrifying
twists
by Douglas Messerli
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (composer) Lorenzo
da Ponte (libretto, after the comedy by Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais),
Le nozze di Figaro / the performance
I saw was the Metropolitan Opera live HD broadcast, October 18, 2014
Like many an opera buffa, Mozart’s Le nozze di Figaro is filled with
would-be lovers jumping in and out of beds; late night romantic assignations;
flirtations and sexual encounters between maid(s) and master, mistress, and
godson (or male servant(s), or any visiting admirer); intriguing switches of
amative attentions; startling revelations of heritage and birthright; as well
as, quite often, temporary alterations of sex—all undertaken beneath the nose
of a highly suspicious husband or another such authoritative figure who is
usually the greatest transgressor of the lot.
As anyone who has seen this “follow up” to Rossini’s just as
character-leaden and plot-stuffed precursor Il barbiere di Siviglia
knows, Mozart’s work offers all of the above in great proliferation. Between
Count Almaviva’s (Peter Mattei) attempts to bed nearly all of his housekeepers,
and his maid Susanna’s (wonderfully elucidated by Marlis Petersen) and her
soon-to-be husband Figaro’s (Ildar Abdrazakov) attempts to get even (or in
Figaro’s case, to get revenge) for the master’s unwelcome attentions of the
lively “flower of the household,” there is hardly a moment in this heady elixir
of amour and feudal abuse that isn’t jam-packed with new plot twists.
But the “twists” of this busy-bee work lay not only in the turning down
of bedsheets by the Count, but in the twisted relationships of various
characters, most notably Marcellina (the housekeeper to the pompous Dr.
Bartolo) who hankering after Figaro, has long-ago loaned him money attached to
a contract stating that if he does not pay her back, he must marry her.
Bartolo, who like the much younger Count, at one time has clearly employed
house staff in roles beyond their job descriptions, is more than delighted to
now have the opportunity to get rid of his “old cow,” while simultaneously
revenging himself for Figaro’s involvement in preventing him (incidents
represented in Rossini’s operatic version) from obtaining Rosina, now the Count’s
lovely wife.
Suddenly in act III we discover that the man Marcellina truly desires to
marry is, without her knowledge, her long-lost son, Rafello, fathered by her
employer, Bartolo. In short, she, who the Count was determined just minutes
before to declare to be Figaro’s wife, would lure Rafello into a horrific
coupling, like Oedipus and Jocasta, of mother and son. In the context of
Mozart’s pre-Freudian world, such a marriage does not represent a psychological
condition but rather serves as a hovering omen about the machinations of the
Count, threatening to transform at any moment the comic “pranks” of Lorenzo da
Ponte’s and Mozart’s work into a tragedy of epic proportions like Oedipus Rex. The potential parallel
between the Count’s and Bartolo’s actions cannot be missed by the man who has
just sung a song (Vedrò, mentr'io sospiro) expressing his jealousy of his own servant.
Unlike the often clumsy and blundering Almaviva (a long-living soul who actually learns through the long-time experiences of life), who serves always behind his nemesis, the cherub can literally “fly,” as he proves through his escape from the balcony window of his godmother’s bedroom. In short, he can move about in near absolute freedom, not only in space but within his own body, as he constantly shifts gender. Using the former castrati role as a tranvesti character to perfect effect, Mozart and his librettist require that not only every woman in the play be sexually charmed by the young man but must attempt to make every man equally so enchanted.
Except for perhaps Rossini’s Le
Comte Ory, opera has never before used transvestitism to such wonderful
effects. Not only do the Countess and Susanna spend long moments in joyfully
dressing up their youthful lothario as a lovely woman whom they hope will
satisfy the sexual longings of the Count, but another of the Count’s conquests,
Barbarina hides him, when Cherubino has deserted from his military service, by
dressing him up as a provincial beauty. Time and again, the woman
turn-the-tables, so to speak, on this would-be molester by rendering him
neuter, by turning him into one of their own kind.
Still, the rapscallion
Cherubino nearly destroys the day for the penultimate “twist” of the story,
wherein the Countess, having transformed herself into Susanna through her costume—while
at the same time Susanna hides her eager desire to be embraced by Figaro by wearing
the Countesses’ gown—prepares to receive her unrepentant husband. Cherubino’s
unwanted attentions reiterate not only the pains the Countess has had to suffer
for his husband’s philandering, but those that Barbarina may have to suffer
through her Cherubino.
For the moment, however, the
day is saved, and, the final “twist” is played out in all its grand ironic
display, the Count unconsciously playing lover to his own wife.
Suddenly realizing that he
has become the fool in front of everyone, the Count, at least momentarily, is
forced to realize the errors of his way, asking for forgiveness not just from
his wife (“Contessa perdono!), but from everyone in hearing range,
including the audience whom he has so entertained. The Countess’ proclamation
that she is kinder than her husband in forgiving him, results in a beautiful
choral work that expresses joy while reminding everyone of the “terrible
twists” of reality that they all have almost accidentally escaped. As I
whispered to Howard a few moments later: “That is the saddest aria to a
happily-ending opera that I have ever witnessed.”
Los Angeles,
October 19, 2014
Reprinted from USTheater, Opera and Performance (October 2014).